USPTO Patents Application 10757064

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN

(1 1 publication number : 05-337142
(43)Date of publication of application : 21.12.1993

(51)Int.CI.

A61C 19/04
A61C 19/06

(21 Application number : 05-005075
(22)Date of filing : 14.01.1993

(71 Applicant : KALTENBACH & VOIGT GMBH & CO

(72)Inventor : HIBST RAIMUND
KONIG KARSTEN

(30)Priority

Priority number : 92 4200741

Priority date : 14.01.1992 Priority country : DE

(54) DETECTOR FOR DENTAL CARIES

(57)Abstract:

PURPOSE: To offer a practical caries detector capable of
detecting a low level caries.

CONSTITUTION: Radiation 18 of a wavelength spectrum
ranging over 360nm to 580nm emitted from an irradiation
instrument 10 is induced by at least one ray guide 16 to the
subject teeth 20 to be diagnosed. At least one filter 24
allows radiation 22 reflected from the teeth 20 to pass at a ^
spectrum range of greater than 620nm. The passed radiation ^""v^ ]
is used for detection of dental caries.

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05-337142

♦■NOTICES*

JPO and INPIT are not responsible for any
damages caused by the use of this translation.

1 .This document has been translated by computer. So the translation may not reflect the original
precisely.

2 **** shows the word which can not be translated.
3. In the drawings, any words are not translated.

CLAIMS

[Claim(s)]

[Claim 1]A sensing, device of a dental caries gear tooth, wherein these both exposure instruments
(10) emit radiation of a spectral range (360 nm thru/or 580 nm) as it is characterized by
comprising the following, and this filter (24) penetrates radiation (22) reflected by a not less than
620-nm spectral range.

An exposure instrument which emits radiation of a prescribed wavelength toward at least one
gear tooth.

In a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth used for detection of radiation which has at least
one filter which penetrates radiation reflected by this gear tooth by a predetermined spectral
range, and penetrated this filter of a dental caries gear tooth, At least one beam-of-light guide to
which this exposure instrument (10) irradiates a gear tooth with radiation (18) by it (16, 30, 40).

[Claim 2] A sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 1, wherein this filter
(24) penetrates radiation (22) reflected by a spectral range (620 nm thru/or 720 nm).
[Claim 3]A sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 1 or 2 with which
this exposure instrument (10) is characterized by emitting radiation of a spectral range (360 nm
thru/or 420 nm or 470 nm thru/or 580 nm).

[Claim 4]This exposure instrument (10) A mercury-vapor lamp as a radiation source (12), a
krypton raiser, It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among
said claims, wherein a radiation filter (14) which comprises a halogen lamp or dye laser and
penetrates each spectral range of radiation is selectively allocated in a beam way of each
radiation source (12).

[Claim 5]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein this filter (24) and or a radiation filter (14) is constituted as an absorption filter,
an interference filter, a monochromator, or a reflective filter (60).

[Claim 6]A sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 5, wherein this filter
(24) is allocated in a spectacles frame,

[Claim 7]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein a detector (48) sees from a direction of movement of reflected radiation (22),
and is connected behind this filter (24) and this detector (48) changes into the 1st electrical signal

1

(SI) radiation supplied there.

[Claim 8]A sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 7 characterized by
providing a secondary electron redoubling pipe or a photo transistor as this detector.
[Claim 9]A spectral range of this filter (24) is another different spectral range, Another filter (46)
which penetrates radiation (22) reflected by a gear tooth (20) is formed, This detector (48) or
another detector (58) changes penetrated radiation into the 2nd electrical signal (S2), A sensing
device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 7 or 8 obtaining a quotient of this 1st
signal (SI) and the 2nd signal (S2), and supplying a quotient formation part (52) which uses the
quotient for measurement of existence of a dental caries gear tooth.

[Claim 10]this filter (24) — this — another filter (46) being allocated one by one on a chopper
disk (44), and being arranged in a beam way of reflected radiation (22), and. Detect radiation
with which this detector (48) was penetrated, and further from a signal (S) from this detector (48).
A sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 9, wherein the 1st signal (SI)
and 2nd signal (S2) are generated by scanning which synchronized with rotation of this chopper
disk (44).

[Claim 1 l]an end of a direction estranged with a gear tooth (20) - respectively ~ this filter (24) -
- this - by at least two beam-of-light guide fiber (56) which equipped another filter (46). this
detector (48) in which reflected radiation (22) is detected and detects penetrated radiation (22) —
this — another detector (58) — respectively - this filter (24) - this — a sensing device of the
dental caries gear tooth according to claim 9 allocating behind another filter (46).
[Claim 12]this filter (24) penetrates radiation of wavelength of adjacent spaces (636 nm or 673
nm) — this — inside of claims 9 thru/or 11, wherein another filter (46) penetrates radiation of
wavelength of 550-nm adjacent spaces -- a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth given in
either.

[Claim 13]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein it allocates a separating mirror (38) in the exposure instrument (10) side at a
beam-of-light guide (40) and the separation surface inclines at an angle of 45 degrees from an
optical axis of this beam-of-light guide (40) preferably.

[Claim 14]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein this beam-of-light guide (40) is provided as a picture guide.
[Claim 15]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein this beam-of-light guide (16) is surrounded with an extraneous light wire guide
(30) to which it shows reflected radiation (22).

[Claim 16] A sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth according to claim 15, wherein this
beam-of-light guide (16) is allocated within a surrounded extraneous light wire guide (30),
enabling free movement.

[Claim 1 7]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein this beam-of-light guide is connected with an endoscope which can attach a
camera (32).

[Claim 1 8]It is a sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth of any one statement among said
claims, wherein this exposure instrument (10) has another light source (29) which generates
white light added to irradiated radiation (18).

2

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[Detailed Description of the Invention]
[0001]

[Industrial Application]The exposure instrument with which this invention emits the radiation of
a prescribed wavelength toward at least one gear tooth, It is a sensing device of the dental caries
gear tooth which has at least one filter which penetrates the radiation reflected by the gear tooth
by the predetermined spectral range, and is related with what is used for the penetrated radiation
detecting a dental caries gear tooth.
[0002]

[Description of the Prior Art]This kind of device 907th volume of journal Espy I. A. "laser
surgeryxharacterization and therapy" 1988 annual-publication S, work "laser induction
fluorescence of a dental caries gear tooth" besides Alvin — the 96th thru/or the 98th page
(S.Albin The journal SPIE, Vol.907, Laser Surgery: Characterization and The rapeutics, 1988) et
al. and" - Laser Induced Fluorescence of Dental Caries - " — it is indicated to pages 96 to 98.
this -- in a publicly known device, a raiser emits the radiation of monochromatic light toward a
gear tooth, and this induces fluorescence radiation. From the part where dental caries of the gear
tooth was carried out, different fluorescent radiation from the radiation which was peculiar to
dental caries and was reflected from the healthy gear tooth in the radiation intensity and
spectrum distribution emits light. This reflected radiation is observed using a filter. The part of
the gear tooth by which dental caries was carried out appears as a dark spot during observation.
[0003]

[Problem(s) to be Solved by the Invention]This publicly known device was provided for
laboratory operation, and the highest testing state exists, and even if it is a case where a device is
low sensitivity even if, an available test result is obtained there. However, in order to actually use
it for dentistry diagnosis, it is necessary to raise the sensitivity of a device fairly for detection of
dental caries. This device is user-unfriendly and is not suitable as a diagnosis means used for
human being or an animal.

[0004] In view of the above point, this invention can be used by a flexible means and an object of
this invention is to provide the sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth which can specify
the dental caries of a low.
[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problem]An exposure instrument with which this purpose emits radiation
of a prescribed wavelength toward at least one gear tooth, It has at least one filter which
penetrates radiation reflected by this gear tooth by a predetermined spectral range, It is a sensing
device of a dental caries gear tooth used for detection of radiation which penetrated this filter of
a dental caries gear tooth, This exposure instrument 10 has at least one beam-of-light guides 16,
30, and 40 which irradiate a gear tooth with the radiation 18 by it, and this exposure instrument
10, Radiation of a spectral range (360 nm thru/or 580 nm) is emitted, and this filter 24 is attained
by sensing device of a dental caries gear tooth which comprised a not less than 620-nm spectral
range so that the reflected radiation 22 might be penetrated.

[0006]The filter 24 comprises a more desirable example so that the radiation 22 reflected by a
spectral range (620 nm thru/or 720 nm) may be penetrated. A fluorescence spectrum reflected by
a dental caries gear tooth within this spectral range has the highest value. In other words, a yield
of fluorescence radiation from changed excitation energy is high. Sensitivity to dental caries of a
device becomes still higher by it. About this spectral range, distance from a spectral range of

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radiation excited within a spectral range (360 nm thru/or 580 nm) is large, and this excitation
radiation is controlled intrinsically and cannot distort a result. Therefore, a part by which dental
caries was carried out is detected by contrast of a high level.

[0007]In another example, the exposure instrument 10 is constituted so that radiation of a
spectral range (360 nm thru/or 420 nm) may be emitted. In this spectral range, it becomes
especially intensity of reflected radiation can be high and detectable [ high sensitivity of a part by
which dental caries was carried out ]. Sensitivity becomes the maximum about wavelength of
radiation supplied in a spectral region of the 406-nm circumference. About this spectral range,
distance from the not less than 620-nm spectral range of radiation reflected by a gear tooth is
large, and supplied radiation is controlled intrinsically and does not distort a result. Thus, a part
where dental caries of the gear tooth was carried out is detected correctly.
[0008]Independently, in an example, the exposure instrument 10 is constituted so that radiation
of a spectral range (470 nm thru/or 580 nm) may be emitted. In this spectral range, supplied
radiation has the bigger depth of penetration, and permeates the dental depths, or a dental cortical
layer is passed. Therefore, a center of a hidden disease can be found. For an exposure, it has
preferably a radiation source which emits monochromatic light on wavelength of the
circumference (about 470 nm, 500 nm, 540 nm, or 580 nm).

[0009]In other examples, for quantitive use of reflected radiation, the detector 48 sees from a
direction of movement of the reflected radiation 22, and is connected behind this filter 24, and it
is constituted so that this detector 48 may change into the 1st electrical signal SI radiation
supplied there. This signal that can be expressed as a publicly known method is almost
proportional to radiation intensity detected in a detector. Therefore, it is used for quantitative
evaluation of a detected dental caries state.

[0010] A carried-out examination shows that each spectra of reflective radiation by the surface
where a healthy gear tooth is hard, and the surface where a gear tooth which changed with dental
caries is hard differ clearly. This effect is applied to an example. A spectral range penetrated with
the 1st filter 24 in this example of development is another different spectral range, 2nd another
filter 46 that penetrates the radiation 22 reflected by the gear tooth 20 is formed, This detector 48
or another detector 58 changes penetrated radiation into the 2nd electrical signal (S2), and a
quotient of this 1st signal (SI) and the 2nd signal (S2) is obtained, and it constitutes so that the
quotient formation part 52 which uses the quotient for measurement of existence of a dental
caries gear tooth may be supplied.

[001 l]When radiation intensity of radiation reflected by a spectral range (620 nm thru/or 720
nm) during an examination of this invention is measured with intensity of radiation of a spectral
range which are 540 nm thru/or 560 nm, An action from which radiation reflected by dental
caries gear tooth and a healthy gear tooth differs became clear [ appearing clearly especially ].
Although maximum strength of fluorescent radiation produced by dental caries is contained in a
spectral range (620 nm thru/or 720 nm), on the other hand, there is no action in particular that
stands out in a spectral range (540 nm thru/or 560 nm). Radiation intensity in the latter range can
be used as reference. In this example of development, objective diagnosis attached to disease
states can be carried out.

[0012]Forming a quotient will have further the effect of becoming independent, with intensity of
radiation with which a result was supplied. For example, when intensity of radiation supplied as
an unstable result of aging of a radiation source or a power supply changes, the quotient
maintains the same testing condition as it is in respect of others. Therefore, actual application of
this invention is improved further.

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[0013]By at least two beam-of-light guide fiber 56 which equipped with the filter 46 respectively
other than the filter 24 an end of a direction estranged in the gear tooth 20 in another example.
The detectors 48 and 58 in which the reflected radiation 22 is detected and detects the penetrated
radiation 22 constitute so that it may be allocated behind these filters 24 and 46, respectively.
[0014]In other examples, the separating mirror 38 is allocated in the beam-of-light guide 40 at
the exposure instrument 10 side, and preferably, the separation surface constitutes so that it may
incline at an angle of 45 degrees from an optical axis of this beam-of-light guide 40.
[0015]In other examples, this beam-of-light guide (16) may constitute so that it may be
surrounded with an extraneous light wire guide (30) to which it shows reflected radiation (22).
[0016]

[Function]In this invention, radiation uses a beam-of-light guide for the gear tooth which should
be diagnosed, and is supplied. A rigid thing or thing of ****** may be used for such a beam-of-
light guide, the optical means for showing the end which faced the gear tooth to the direction of
the beam of radiation can also be equipped, and the size can also be further adjusted to a patient's
**** and a dental field. For example, it is exchangeable attachment like a tilt-type mirror or a
lens, and what makes dental diagnosis easier can also be attached to this beam-of-light guide by
a publicly known method. Therefore, it becomes easier to supply the field of the gear tooth
which should diagnose radiation by the superintended method by using a beam-of-light guide.
Therefore, the device of this invention is applied by a flexible method to different conditions in
operation of every day for detection of the dental caries gear tooth of human being or an animal.
[0017]In this invention, the spectral region of the radiation penetrated with a filter is restricted in
a lower end. Fluorescent radiation is penetrated and this means that the mask of the background
radiation line with obstructive short wavelength is carried out on the other hand. Therefore, the
part where dental caries of the gear tooth was carried out is displayed as a bright point, and will
become remarkable clearly to this background. For this reason, the situation of a dental caries
disease is detectable with the accuracy and reliability of a high level. Therefore, the device of
this invention is very suitable for initial diagnosis of dental caries.

[00 18] Also in the actual examination, the pathogen of dental caries reacting sensitively during an
exposure with the beam of light of the above-mentioned spectral range, and becoming extinct in
sufficient radiation intensity was checked. Therefore, it is also possible to treat a dental caries
gear tooth simultaneously with observation of a therapy part in the device of this invention. This
is not invasive, and although the selectively effective therapy of a very quiet dental caries gear
tooth by which a pain is not accompanied is enabled, especially this is suitable for the primary
care of a dental caries gear tooth, and prevention.
[0019]

[Example]The example of this invention is explained in full detail below based on a drawing. In
drawing 1 , if necessary in detection of the dental caries gear tooth of this invention, and a row, a
fundamental structure of the device for a therapy is shown. The exposure instrument 10 has the
radiation source 12 which emits radiation within a spectral range (360 nm thru/or 420 nm). As
said radiation source 12, a mercury-vapor lamp, a krypton raiser, a HARAGEN lamp, and dye
laser are used. In order to penetrate a desired spectral range, the radiation filter 14 is allocated
ahead of each radiation source 12. The beam-of-light guide 16 for irradiating the exposure
instrument 10 towards the gear tooth 20 which should diagnose the radiation 18 emitted by the
radiation source is equipped. Absorb the radiation which has the wavelength of 620 nm or less, it
reflects, and the reflected radiation 22 which has hit and returned to the surface of the gear tooth
20 as a result of reflection and fluorescence is penetrated with the filter 24 which penetrates the

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radiation of the wavelength beyond it. This filter 24 is laid in the spectacles frame which is not
illustrated, and the staff for the visual observation shown by the eye 26 is equipped with a
spectacles frame. The irradiated radiation 1 8 excites characteristic fluorescence radiation in the
tooth area by which dental caries was carried out, and the spectral component which has the
wavelength more than this penetration critical wavelength of the filter 24 reaches the eye 26. The
part where dental caries of the gear tooth was carried out as a result becomes diagnosable.
[0020]The device shown in drawing 1 is theoretically applicable also to the therapy of a dental
caries gear tooth. For the purpose, it has bigger radiant intensity, for example, the radiation
source 12 like a raiser must be used. The pathogen of a dental caries gear tooth reacts in the
radiation which has the wavelength of a spectral range (360 nm thru/or 420 nm) sensitively, and
becomes extinct gradually. The therapy part of a dental caries gear tooth is observed via the filter
24. As for this filter 24 and -, or the radiation filter 14, it is desirable to constitute as an
absorption filter, an interference filter, a monochromator, or the reflective filter 60.
[0021]Other examples are shown in each figure other than drawing 1 .
The same parts are indicated similarly, respectively.

In drawing 2 , the raiser is used as the radiation source 12. It is irradiated with the radiation 18 of
the monochromatic light by the gear tooth 20 via the beam-of-light guide 16. The exposure
instrument 10 has another light source 29 which emits light in the white light which has various
intensity applied to the irradiated radiation 1 8 by the separating mirror 3 1 . This beam-of-light
guide 16 is surrounded with the extraneous light wire guide 30 which has an orderly fiber bundle
which is useful for picture transfer. This beam-of-light guide 16 is allocated about this
extraneous light wire guide 30, enabling free movement as shown by the arrow 34. In the taking
over position close to the end of this extraneous light wire guide 30, the end of the beam-of-light
guide 16 which faced the gear tooth 20 is greatly irradiated with the radiation 18 by the surface
of the gear tooth 20. In the position which this beam-of-light guide 16 moved toward the gear
tooth 20 further, each part of the gear tooth 20 may be diagnosed more precisely. For example,
the cavity 28 in the gear tooth 20 can be diagnosed more precisely, or it can also be treated if
necessary. The radiation 22 which was conveyed with this extraneous light wire guide 30 and
which carried out image formation is penetrated with the filter 24, and is supplied to the camera
32, and, thereby, it becomes possible to carry out image formation of the image of the gear tooth
20. The white light which emitted light with another light source 29 is useful to raise the
luminosity of a background, as a result, can be clearly seen in spite of the penetration with the
filter 24, and also when the drive of the filter 24 is carried out outside, it will look good. [ of the
outline of the gear tooth 20 ]

[0022]In drawing 3 , it converges with the collector lens 36 and the radiation 18 emitted with the
exposure instrument 10 is supplied to the beam-of-light guide 40 which functions also as a
picture guide by the transparent separating mirror 38 in part. This guide 40 comprises a coherent
and orderly fiber bundle, and it is allocated there so that each fiber of the input screen and output
screen of this guide 40 may become the same. The lens 42 for improving the picture function of
this guide 40 is formed in the output screen of this guide 40. The radiation 22 reflected by the
gear tooth which is not illustrated is guided into this guide 40, and is reflected outside toward the
field lens 43 in the place of the separating mirror 38. Here, the filter 24 is connected behind the
field lens 43. The picture conveyed by this guide 40 is also recordable with a camera or the video
camera 32. It is also possible to consider it as the detector which forms an electrical signal from
the radiation supplied there instead of the camera 32. For this signal, a fixed quantity of results of
diagnosis of a dental caries gear tooth can be changed.

[0023]The radiation intensity I expressed with the relative value of the radiation reflected by the
gear tooth to the wavelength expressed with nm unit in the case of the enamel of the gear tooth
by which dental caries was first carried out to the case of the enamel of a healthy gear tooth to
drawing 4 is plotted, an incident radiation line - in other words, an excitation radiation line has
the wavelength of 406 nm. As shown in a figure, each illustrated curves differ mutually.
Especially the curve of the radiation intensity to the enamel of the gear tooth by which dental
caries was carried out shows the intensity which becomes three big mountains in a place (636 nm,
673 nm, and 700 nm). In the example of the invention in this application indicated below, the
difference in the fluorescence action in the enamel of the gear tooth by which dental caries was
carried out to the enamel of the healthy gear tooth is used for quantitive diagnosis at the constant
qualitative row of a dental caries gear tooth.

[0024]In the detector implement of the drawing 5 g raphic display, the filter 46 other than the
filter 24 is allocated by the chopper disk 44 carrying a filter. These filters 24 and 46 are short-
range filters.

Respectively, the wavelength of the circumference (636 nm or 673 nm, and 550 nm) is
penetrated.

When the chopper disk 44 carrying this filter rotates by the motor side 45, these filters 24 and 46
are guided one by one on the beam way of the reflected radiation 22. Although the photo-diode
or the secondary electron redoubling pipe 48 as a detector changes into the electrical signal S the
radiation which was penetrated and was supplied there, this electrical signal S comprises the
partial signals SI and S2 acquired by shifting time to be proportional to the intensity of the
radiation which penetrated these filters 24 and 46, respectively. This electrical signal S is
supplied to the demultiplexer 50 which scans an electrical signal synchronizing with rotation of
the chopper disk 44 carrying a filter, and separates the partial signals SI and S2 from this
electrical signal S. These partial signals SI and S2 are supplied to the quotient formation part 52
which calculates the quotient of S1/S2. The result is supplied to the judgment module 54, and is
compared with the characteristic reference value decided beforehand from the graph of drawing
4_there, for example. It is shown whether according to the comparison, dental caries of the part of
the gear tooth then diagnosed is carried out. this quotient itself obtains that there is dental caries
etc., and it serves as that standard.

[0025]In drawing 6 , although other detector implements are shown, the reflected radiation 22 is
guided there into the beam-of-light guide fiber which branches this radiation, or the beam-of-
light guide group 56. With the filter 24, the 1st portion of this radiation 22 is supplied to the
detector 48, and generates the partial signal SI. With another filter 46, other portions of the
radiation 22 are supplied to the detector 58, and generate the partial signal S2. And the partial
signals SI and S2 are processed still like [ in the case of the example of drawing 5 ].
[0026]The reflecting grating 60 is arranged in the beam way of the reflected radiation 22, and the
reflecting grating reflects the radiation 22 in the different direction according to wavelength, and
makes it converge on it in drawing 7 . The detectors 48 and 58 are allocated so that the radiation
22 of the above-mentioned wavelength may be detected, and they generate the partial signals SI
and S2.
[0027]

[Effect of the InventionJThe sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth of this invention is
user-friendly, is excellent in sensitivity, and is used for the dentistry diagnosis used for human
being or an animal. And since the sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth of this invention
can also specify the dental caries of a low, it is effective in especially initial diagnosis of dental

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caries. Using the sensing device of the dental caries gear tooth of this invention, objective and
quantitive diagnosis can also be drawn and a dental caries gear tooth is diagnosed in visible, and
if necessary, it can carry out to a therapy.

[Translation done.]

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